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This document contains the major changes between the 4.X and the
5.2 versions of the Installation Guide.
Chapter 3 changes:
------------------
3.1 Enabling BOOTP Forwarding on Routers
All routers (workstations or other devices with multiple network
connections) between your workstation and a remote workstation that
has the software distribution you plan to use must be modified to
enable bootp forwarding. inst uses the Internet Bootstrap Protocol
(BOOTP) to obtain IP addresses, but the default configuration of
bootp(1M) in /usr/etc/inetd.conf prevents this.
Step 1 below describes how to identify routers. Step 2 describes how
to check to see if /usr/etc/inetd.conf has already been modified to
enable bootp forwarding on Silicon Graphics workstations. Steps 3
and 4 describe how to make the modifications on Silicon Graphics
workstations. The procedure for making modifications to other types
of routers may be different. You may want to ask a System Administrator
or the owners of the routers to make the modifications for you.
1) Find out the names of the routers with the command:
% /usr/etc/ping -R -c 1 <server>
The ping output has a section that begins with RR:. It shows the
route of a packet from your workstation to <server> and back to
your workstation. Each of the workstations listed, other than
<server> and your workstation, is a router.
2) Check the bootp line in /usr/etc/inetd.conf on each router. The
bootp line in /usr/etc/inetd.conf looks like this by default:
bootp dgram udp wait root /usr/etc/bootp bootp
After the line has been changed (-f added), it should look like this:
bootp dgram udp wait root /usr/etc/bootp bootp -f
3) If the file has not been changed, edit /usr/etc/inetd.conf '-f' as
shown above. To simplify changing the file back to its original
state, you may want to copy the original line, comment out one copy
and change the other.
4) Give this command as superuser to make the change take effect:
# /etc/killall -v -HUP inetd
When the remote system is no longer needed for software installation,
you can return the /usr/etc/inetd.conf file to its original state if
desired and give the killall(1M) command again to make that change
take effect.
3.2 Enabling TFTP Access on Remote Workstations
The remote workstation that has the software distribution directory, tape
drive, or CD-ROM drive you plan to use must be modified to allow tftp
access. inst uses Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) in its transfer of
files from remote workstations, but the default configuration of tftpd(1M)
in /usr/etc/inetd.conf doesn't allow this transfer.
Step 1 below describes how to check to see if /usr/etc/inetd.conf has already
been modified to allow tftp access. Steps 2 through 5 describe how to make
the modifications. You may want to ask a System Administrator or the
owner of the remote workstation to make the modifications for you.
1) Check the tftp line in /usr/etc/inetd.conf on the remote
workstation. The tftp line in /usr/etc/inetd.conf looks like
this by default:
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd -s /usr/local/boot
After the line has been changed (-s /usr/local/boot removed), it
should look like this:
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd
This change allows tftpd access to all publicly readable
directories. The line might also have been modified as described
in Step 3 and 4 below.
2) If the file has not been changed, edit /usr/etc/inetd.conf to
remove "-s /usr/local/boot" as shown above. To simplify changing
the file back to its original, secure state, you may want to copy
the original line, comment out one copy and change the other.
3) If you want, you can limit remote access to just the distribution
directory, CD-ROM distribution, or tape drive. Edit the tftp line
in /usr/etc/inetd.conf again and add a directory at the end of
the line as shown below. The first line below is for a distribution
directory, the second line is for a CD-ROM distribution, and the
third is for tape.
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd -s /usr/local/boot <distdir>
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd -s /usr/local/boot <CDdir>/dist
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd -s /usr/local/boot /dev
5) Give this command as superuser to make any changes to
/usr/etc/inetd.conf take effect:
# /etc/killall -v -HUP inetd
When the remote system is no longer needed for software installation,
you can return the /usr/etc/inetd.conf file to its original state if
desired and give the killall(1M) command again to make that change
take effect.
3.3 Configuring an Installation User ID
When you are doing an installation from a remote distribution source,inst
uses the user ID guest (with no password) on the remote workstation by
default. If a guest user ID without a password is available on the remote
workstation, then that user ID can be used without modification.
If no guest account exists on the remote workstation or the guest account
has a password (typically this would be done to limit access to the remote
workstation by rsh), you must provide an alternate means for inst to access
the remote workstation. There are three alternatives:
o Remove the password from guest while installations are taking place.
o Use a different user ID on the remote workstation that does not
have a password. This user ID is specified with the inst ¡f flag
o Use a user ID with a password on the remote workstation and special
entries in its .rhosts file on the remote workstation. An entry
needs to be made for each workstation that uses the remote
workstation for installation. Each entry contains the name of
the local workstation and the name of the user ID to be used on
the remote workstation. For example, the file
/usr/people/instuser/.rhosts on the workstation "bigserver" might
contain the lines:
joesbox.engr.xxx.com instuser
lab1.engr.xxx.com instuser
When installing new software on "joesbox" or "lab1", you would
give one of these two commands, depending on the circumstances:
# /usr/sbin/inst -f instuser@bigserver:<path>
Inst> from instuser@bigserver:<path>
where <path> is the device or directory that has the software
distribution. Sections 7.5 and 10.2 describe inst ¡f and from,
respectively. /usr/people/instuser/.rhosts must have the correct
owner and permissions for this to work. See the hosts.equiv(4)
manual page for details.
No matter what user ID you choose, it must have read permission for the
software distribution source (the tape drive, the directory where the
CD-ROM drive is mounted, or the distribution directory).
Chapter 7 changes / Prom Chart:
------------------
Table 7-1 Miniroot Installation Procedures:
Remote
Local Local Remote Remote Distribution
<cpu> Tape CD-ROM Tape CD-ROM Directory
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IP4 A N/A F H J
IP5, IP6, IP7, IP9 A C F H J
IP12, IP17 A D F H J
IP19, IP20, IP22 B E G I K
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 7-2 Command Monitor Commands to Load the Miniroot:
Procedure Commands
--------------------------------------------------------------------
A >> setenv tapedevice <device>(<cntlr>,<unit>)
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sash.<cpu>) --m
B >> setenv tapedevice <device>(<cntlr>,<unit>)
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sashARCS) --m
C >> dksc(<cntlr>,<unit>,8)sash.<cpu> -m
D >> dksc(<cntlr>,<unit>,8)sash<cpu> -m
E >> dksc(<cntlr>,<unit>,8)sashARCS -m
F >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<tapedevice>
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sash.<cpu>) --m
G >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<tapedevice>
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sashARCS) --m
H >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<CDdir>/dist/sa
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sash.<cpu>) --m
I >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<CDdir>/dist/sa
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sashARCS) --m
J >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<distdir>/sa
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sash.<cpu>) --m
K >> setenv tapedevice bootp()<server>:<distdir>/sa
>> boot -f $tapedevice(sashARCS) --m
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 8 changes:
------------------
8.2.2 Checking Network Connections
The steps below explain several tests and checks that you can perform to
verify your workstations connection to a remote workstation.
1) Test the TCP/IP connection from IRIX.
If IRIX is running on your workstation, do a simple check of the
network connection with this command:
% /usr/bsd/rsh <server> -l <user> date
where <server> is the name of the remote workstation and <user>
is the user ID you are using for installation. Normally, <user>
is "guest". If the date isn't returned, you've specified the wrong
<server>, there is a network problem, or <user> isn't a valid user
ID.
2) Test the TCP/IP connection from inst.
Connections to remote workstations are done over terminal control
program/internet protocol (TCP/IP) in a manner similar to rsh(1C).
A simple test of this connection can be done while you are doing
an IRIX Installation by escaping to a shell from any inst prompt
and using ping(1M):
Inst> sh
# /usr/etc/ping -q -f -s 2048 -c 100 <server>
PING <server> (<IPaddress>): 2048 data bytes
----<server> PING Statistics----
100 packets transmitted, 100 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 0/2/7
# exit
Inst>
where <server> is the name of the remote workstation. If you see
packet loss, you could have a problem with your network connection.
This network connection test is not possible if you are using
Miniroot Installation; if you are, test the connection before
beginning the installation if possible. Use the same ping
command as in the example above while in an IRIX shell.
3) Check the setting of the netaddr NVRAM variable.
In some situations, you might have network problems if the IP
address (<localIPaddress>) of your workstation in its non-volatile
random access memory (NVRAM) doesn't match its IP address in
/etc/hosts. A mismatch can occur when you move a workstation, but
not cause a problem until you attempt to load the miniroot for a
software installation. You can check the IP address in the NVRAM
on your workstation while you are using IRIX, or when you have
escaped to the shell while using inst by giving this command:
% /etc/nvram netaddr
From the Command Monitor, you can check IP address in the NVRAM
with this command:
>> printenv netaddr
If the four part number returned from either command doesn't match
the IP address in /etc/hosts on your workstation (the value of
<localIPaddress> that you noted while bringing up inst), change
it with one of these two commands (not all models of workstations
support changing NVRAM from IRIX):
# /etc/nvram netaddr <localIPaddress>
>> setenv netaddr <localIPaddress>
4) Verify that the remote workstation allows tftpd(1M) access.
See above section on "Enabling TFTP Access on Remote Workstations",
describes the procedure for verifying that the remote workstation
has been modified to allow tftp access.
To get more debugging information, add the ¡l option to the tftp
line in /usr/etc/inetd.conf and restart inetd(1M). The line should
look like this:
tftp dgram udp wait guest /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd -l
Debugging information is written to /usr/adm/SYSLOG.
5) Verify that routers between your workstation and the remote
workstation forward bootp(1M) packets.
See above section on "Enabling BOOTP Forwarding on Routers",
describes the procedure for verifying that routers have been
modified to allow bootp access.
To get more debugging informatio, add the -d option on the bootp
line in /usr/etc/initd.conf and restart initd(1M). The line should
look like this:
bootp dgram udp wait root /usr/etc/bootp bootp -f -d
Debugging information is written to /usr/adm/SYSLOG.
For more information on networking, see the IRIX Advanced Site and
Server Administration Guide and the NFS and NIS Administration Guide
and Man Pages.
8.2.5 Checking CD-ROM Drives
To check CD-ROM drives, you must verify that:
o The system recognizes the CD-ROM drive.
o The CD you want to use is mounted.
The sections below explain the procedures.
Verifying That a CD-ROM Drive is Recognized
The procedure to verify that a CD-ROM drive is recognized depends
on your situation:
o If IRIX is running, give the hinv command:
% hinv
For each CD-ROM drive, you should see one line of output. For
example:
CDROM: unit 4 on SCSI controller 0
If you do not see a line of output for a CD-ROM drive, it is not
recognized.
o If you are in the miniroot, escape to a shell with the shroot
command (see Section 7.20), and give the hinv command:
# hinv
For each CD-ROM drive, you should see one line of output. For
example:
CDROM: unit 4 on SCSI controller 0
If you do not see a line of output for a CD-ROM drive, it is not
recognized.
o If you are in the Command Monitor, give the hinv command:
>> hinv
For each CD-ROM drive, you should see one line of output. Some
examples are:
SCSI CDROM: dksc(0,4)
SCSI CDROM: scsi(0)cdrom(4)
SCSI Disk: dksc(0,4)
The last example shows the CD-ROM drive on an older workstation.
The CD-ROM drive is recognized, but it is shown as a disk. If you
do not see a line of output for a CD-ROM drive, it is not recognized.
When a CD-ROM drive is not recognized, it usually because the CD-ROM
drive was not powered up properly. If it is an external drive, the
CD-ROM drive must be powered on before the workstation main unit is
powered on.
The procedure for making the system recognize the CD-ROM drive depends
on whether you are running IRIX or the miniroot:
o If you are running IRIX, exit inst if it is running, warn other
users, shut the workstation down with shutdown(1M) or use System
Shutdown on the System menu, then reboot the workstation to bring
up IRIX again.
o If you are in the miniroot, get back to the PROM Monitor, press the
Reset button on the workstation main unit, and then bring up inst
again. If this doesn't fix the problem, turn the CD-ROM drive off
and then on again.
Verifying That a CD is Mounted
When using a CD-ROM drive, the CD that contains the software you want
to install must be mounted. Mounting is done automatically by inst when
using a local CD-ROM. When using a remote CD-ROM, the mounting is
done by the command cdinstmgr(1). To verify that the CD is mounted,
use the df(1) command below. If you are using local CD-ROM, escape to
a shell. If you are using a remote CD-ROM, give the command on the
remote workstation.
% /bin/df
Look at the directory names on the right. For local CD-ROM, you should
see /CDROM. For remote CD-ROM, the name /CDROM is likely, but another
directory name for the mount point, <CDdir>, may have been chosen.
If the CD is mounted, list the files it contains using in order to
verify that you have the correct CD inserted. If the CD is not mounted
and you are using a remote workstation, verify that cdinstmgr is
running. If it isn't, start it.
To verify that a distribution directory or a mounted CD contains
the right files, the workstation that contains the distribution must
be running IRIX. Change directories to the directory (<distdir> or
<CDdir>/dist) and list the files with ls(1). Files in software
distributions have these names:
mr
sa
<product>
<product>.idb
<product>.<image>
...